Prevalence and risk factors of neonatal stunting among neonates at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital

Share:
  • Articles
  • Submited: June 3, 2020
  • Published: June 29, 2021

Abstract

Background: Stunting is widely used to assess nutritional status of children. Neonates with fetal growth restriction are at substantially increased risk of being stunted at 24 months and of development of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Under-nutrition during the first 1000 days post conception causes an important wasting of human potentials.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for newborn stunting.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on newborns at Tikur Anbessa Hospital from July - August 2018. Exposures were Socio-demographic and behavioral maternal risk factors, maternal medical illness during pregnancy. Main outcomes were newborn stunting defined as birth length for sex and gestational age below 3rd centiles of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard and neonatal admission to neonatal intensive care unit.

Results: There were a total of 392 singleton newborns included in the study. Stunting affected 15.1% of all newborns. In bivariate analysis maternal socio-economic, and obstetric variables were not found as risk factors for stunting in newborns, except use of biofuel for cooking (p< 0.049 95% CI 0.586, 1.956) and parity (p< 0.011, 95% CI 1.181, 3.837). Among fetal factors birth weight and birth weight for gestational age were significant factors. On multiple regression analysis only significant determinant of stunting among neonates at birth.

Conclusions: Prevalence of newborn stunting is high in our setting. Further study is recommended to determine the risk factors for stunting at birth with a larger sample size.  Appropriate intervention should be put in place to mitigate the high prevalence of stunting in newborns.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

1. United Nations Children’s Fund, WHO, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: key findings of the 2019 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019
2. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, De Onis M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427–51.
3. World Health Organization. Proposed Global Targets for Maternal , Infant and Young Child Nutrition. 2012;(February):1–12.
4. UNICEF global databases Infant and Young Child Feeding, UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group: Joint child malnutrition estimates, UNICEF/WHO Low birthweight estimates, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, WHO Global Health Observatory.
5. Villar J, Cheikh IL, Victora GC et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 2014; 384: 857–68
6. Black RE, AllenL H, Bhutta ZA, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243–260
7. Victora CG, de Onis M, Hallal PC, Blossner M, Shrimpton R. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e473–80.
8. Victora GC, Adair L, Fall C etal. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 2008, 371:340 - 357
9. Victora GC; Villar J, Barros CF et al. Anthropometric Characterization of Impaired Fetal Growth Risk Factors for and Prognosis of Newborns With Stunting or Wasting. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169(7):e151431. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1431
10. Pimenta IR, Grandi C, Aragon DC. Comparison of birth weight, length and head circumference between BRISA-RP and INTERGROWTH-21st cohort. J pediatr (Rio) 2019, doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.03.003
11. Solomons NW, Vossenaar M, Chomat AM, Doak CM, Koski KG, Scott ME. Stunting at birth: recognition of early-life linear growth failure in the western highlands of Guatemala. Public Health Nutrition 2014; 18(10), 1737–1745 doi:10.1017/S136898001400264X
12. Wingerd J, Schoen EJ, Factors Influencing Length at Birth and Height at Five Years Pediatrics. 1974, 53:737-41
13. Ha EH, Hong YC, Lee BE, Woo BH, Schwartz J, Christiani DC. Is Air Pollution a Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight in Seoul? Epidemiology 2001, 2(6):643-48
14. Boy E, Bruce N, Delgado H. Birth Weight and Exposure to Kitchen Wood Smoke During Pregnancy in Rural Guatemala. Environ Health Perspect 2002, 110: :109–114
15. Kramer MS. The epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes: an overview. J Nutr. 2003;133(suppl 2):1592S-1596S
16. Özaltin E, Hill K, Subramanian SV. Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to-middle-income countries. JAMA. 2010;303(15):1507-1516
17. Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Black RE, et al. What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet. 2008;371(9610):417–440
How to Cite
Deksiso, H., & mekasha, amha. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of neonatal stunting among neonates at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 59(03). Retrieved from https://www.emjema.org/index.php/EMJ/article/view/1604

Send mail to Author


Send Cancel