Trends in the Magnitude of Urolithiasis Surgery in Ethiopia: A 13-years Retrospective Data from St. Paulos Referral Hospital
- Articles
- Submited: January 22, 2020
-
Published: June 25, 2020
Abstract
Abstract
Methods: A total of 32,370 surgically treated patients were included in the study. Thirteen years retrospective data were collected from medical records (Log Books and Electronic Databases) at St. Paulos Tertiary Referral Hospital, September 2005 to 2017. Open surgical treatments related to urolithiasis were identified via a thorough review of patient medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and using Graph Pad Prism 6 Software.
Results: In the last 13 years, the overall urinary stone surgery was seen in 2.3% (757) patients. Trends in the number of urolithiasis increased by 38.7% from 2005 (1.3%) to 2017 (40.0%). The mean age at which the stones treated was 42.5 years. The prevalence of stone diseases was found to be higher in males (68.2%) than females (31.8%). The majority of stones (22.2%) were prevalent between 30 and 39 years of age, being the highest (63.1%) among males. Urolithiasis increased in men and declined in women as age increased. The majority (46.5%) of stones were located in the kidneys, being higher on the left. Stone surgeries due to recurrent stone formers were 1.32% (10). The most common comorbidities associated with urolithiasis were reduced urinary output, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
REFERENCES
1. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM, Curhan GC. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney Int 2003; 63(5):1817-1823.
2. Hesse A, Brandle E, Wilbert D, Kohrmann KU, Alken P. Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs 2000. Eur Urol 2003; 44(6):709-713.
3. Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney Stones: A global Picture of Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Risk Factors. Rev Urol 2010; 12(2/3):e86-e96.
4. Havagiray R, Shashi AC, Jain SK, Monika S. Herbal treatment for urinary stones. IJPS 2010;1(2): 1412-1420.
5. Borisov VV, Dzeranov NK. Urolithiasis: Therapy of patients with kidney and ureter stones. Moscow: Publishing House of the Russian Society of Urologists 2011; 88.
6. Atodariya U, Barad R, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. Anti-urolithiatic activity of Dolichos biflorus seeds. J Pharm Phytochem 2013; 2(2): 209-213.
7. Noshad H, Ahmadpour F, Soltanpour B, Ghojazadeh M. Study of renal stones complications in 200 patients in Tabriz, Iran. J Anal Res Clin Med 2014; 2(4): 187-92.
8. El-Zoghby ZM, Lieske JC, Foley RN, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Melton 3rd LJ, Krambeck AE, Rule AD. Urolithiasis and the risk of ESRD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7(9):1409-15.
9. Mikawlrawng K, Kumar S, Raunak V. Current scenario of urolithiasis and the use of medicinal plants as antiurolithiatic agents in Manipur (North East India): A Review: IJHM 2014; 2(1): 1-12.
10. Rule AD, Bergstralh EJ, Melton LJ, Li X, Weaver AL, Lieske JC. Kidney stones and the risk of chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4(4):804-811.
11. Rule AD, Roger VL, Melton 3rd LJ, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Peyser PA, Krambeck AE, Lieske JC. Kidney stones associate with increased risk for myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21(10):1641-4.
12. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA 2005; 293(4):455-462.
13. Uyeturk U, Dag?stan E, Aktas G, Ozyalvacli ME, Tekce H, Yilmaz B. Association between urinary stone disease and perirenal tissue thickness. NJ Med Res, 2014;4(3):193-196.
14. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Chi-yuan Hsu C.-Y. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1296-1305.
15. Murugan VM, Satishkumar AS. Effect of Aerva lanata leaf extract and Vediuppu chunnam on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate urolithiasis during experimental hyperoxaluria. Pharmacol Res 2001;43: 89-93.
16. Baheti DG, Kadam SS. Antiurolithiatic activity of some traditional medicinal plants against calcium oxalate induced urolithiasis in rats. IJPCBS 2013; 3(4): 1276-1285.
17. Moe OW. Kidney stones: Pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet 2006; 367: 333-44.
18. Alaya A, Belgith A, Hammadi S, Nouri A, Najjar MF. Kidney Stones in Children and Teenagers in the Central Coast Region of Tunisia. Iran J Pedia 2012; 22(3): 290-296.
19. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts. Adv Urol 2018; Volume 2018, Article ID 3068365, 12 pages.
20. Agarwal K, Varma R. Evaluation of the in-vitro anti-urolithiasis activity of Portulaca oleracea L. Pharmanest. An Int J Adv Pharm Sci 2013; 4 (6):1284-1293.
21. Finlayson B. Symposium on renal lithiasis. Renal lithiasis in review. Urol Clin North Am 1974;1:181-212.
22. Barbasa C, Garciaa A, Saavedraa L, Muros M. Urinary analysis of nephrolithiasis markers. J Chromatogr B 2002; 781:433-455.
23. Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E. Kidney stone disease. J Clin Invest 2005; 115(10): 2598- 2608.
24. Trinchieri A, Ostini F, Nespoli R, Rovera F, Montanarl E, Zanetti G. A prospective study of recurrence rate and the risk factor for recurrence after a first renal stone. J Urol 1999; 162:27-30.
25. Ljunghall S, Danielson BG. A prospective study of renal stone recurrences. Br J Urol 1984;56:122-4.
26. Indridason OS, Birgisson S, Edvardsson VO, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N, Palsson R.Epidemiology of kidney stones in Iceland: A population-based study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2006; 40:215-20.
27. Buchholz NP, Abbas F, Afzal M, Khan R, Rizvi I, Talati J. The prevalence of silent kidney stones: An ultrasonographic screening study. J Pak Med Assoc 2003;53: 24-25.
28. Al-Eisa AA, Al-Hunayyan A, Gupta R. Pediatric urolithisis in Kuwait. Int Urol Nephrol 2002;33(1):3-6.
29. Scales JCD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS. Prevalence of Kidney Stones in the United States. Eur Urol 2012;62(1): 160–165.
30.Penniston KL, Jones AN, Nakada SY, Hansen KE. Vitamin D repletion does not alter urinary clacium excretion in healthy postmenopausal women. BJU Int 2009;104:1512-1516.
31. Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium interactions: functional outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(suppl):541-4.
32. Ahuja A, Al-Risi AOZ, Ali NM. Study on Prevalence and Management of Renal Stones among Omani in Patients at Sohar Hospital. Sch J App Med Sci 2014; 2(1):22-33.
33. Qadami E, Ampoon A, Manansala NH. The prevalence and clinical profile of patients diagnosed with renal calculi at the American Mission Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Bahrain Med Soc 2013;24 (2): 62-65.
34. Channa NA, Ghangro AB, Soomro AM, Noorani L. Analysis of kidney stones by FTIR spectroscopy. JLUMHS 2007a; 66 -73.
35. Hounnasso PP, Avakoudjo JDG, Paré AK, Brahima K, Ouattara A, Agounkpé MM, Natchagandé G., Toré SR, Mustapha AB, Vodounou A. Symptomatic Urinary Lithiasis:Epidemiologyand Management at Urology Department of University Hospital of Cotonou. J Urol 2015;5: 7-12.
36. Alatab S, Pourmand G, Howairis MFEL, Buchholz N, Najafi I, Pourmand MR Mashhadi R, Pourmand N. National Profiles of Urinary Calculi. A Comparison Between Developing and Developed Worlds. Iran J Kidney Dis 2016; 10 (2): 51-61.
37. Raheem OA, Khandwala YS, Sur RL, Ghani KR, Denstedt JD. Burden of Urolithiasis: Trends in Prevalence, Treatments, and Costs. Eur Urol 2017; 3:18-26.
38. Yoshida O, Okada Y. Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Japan: A chronological and geographical study. Urol Int 1990; 45:104-11.
39. Dursun I, Poyrazoglu HM, Dusunsel R, Gunduz Z, Gurgoze MK, Demirci D,Kucukayd?n M. Pediatric urolithiasis: An 8-year experience of a single center. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:3-9.
40. Alaya A, Nouri A, Najjar MF. Urolithiasis in Tunisian Children: A Study of 100 Cases. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20(6):1096-1100.
41.Ahmad F, Nada MO, Farid AB, Haleem MA, Razack SMA. Epidemiology of Urolithiasis with Emphasis on Ultrasound Detection: A Retrospective Analysis of 5371 Cases in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2015; 26(2):386-391.
42. Masterson JH, Phillips CJ, Crum-Cianflone NF, Krause RJ, Sur RL, L'Esperance JO. A 10-Year Retrospective Review of Nephrolithiasis in the Navy and Navy Pilots. J Urol 2017; 02.074.
43.Safarinejad MR. Adult urolithiasis in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Urol Res 2007;35:73-82.
44. Iguchi M, Takamura C, Umekawa T, Kurita T, Kohri K. Inhibitory effects of female sex hormones on urinary stone formation in rats. kidney Int 1999; 56:479-485.
45. Lee YH, Huang WC, Huang JK, Chang LS. Testosterone enhances whereas estrogen inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in ethylene glycol treated rats. J Urol 1996; 156:502–505.
46. Travison TG, Araujo AB, Hall SA, McKinlay JB. Temporal trends in testosterone levels and treatment in older men. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:211–217.
47. Naghii MR, Babaei M, Hedayati M. Androgens Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Renal Stones Formation. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9(4): e93790.
48. Pak CY. Kidney stones. Lancet 1998; 351:1797-1801.
49. Lieske JC, Peña de la Vega LS, Slezak JM, Bergstralh EJ, Leibson CL, Ho KL, Gettman MT. Renal stone epidemiology in Rochester, Minnesota: An update. Kidney Int 2006; 69:760-764.
50. Tasian GE, Ross ME, Song L, Sas DJ, Keren R, Denburg MR, Chu DI, Copelovitch L, Saigal CS, Furth SL. Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 488–496.
51. Hussain SM. A retrospective study to determine the type and fate of urinary calculi incidence among urinary patients. America J Res Commun 2013; 1(2): 56-65.
52. Schaeffer AJ, Feng Z, Trock BJ, Mathews RI, Neu AM, Gearhart JP, Matlaga BR.Medical Comorbidities Associated With Pediatric Kidney Stone Disease. Urol 2011; 77(1): 195-199.
53. Curhan GC. Epidemiology of stone disease. Urol Clin North Am 2007; 34:287–293.
1. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM, Curhan GC. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney Int 2003; 63(5):1817-1823.
2. Hesse A, Brandle E, Wilbert D, Kohrmann KU, Alken P. Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs 2000. Eur Urol 2003; 44(6):709-713.
3. Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney Stones: A global Picture of Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Risk Factors. Rev Urol 2010; 12(2/3):e86-e96.
4. Havagiray R, Shashi AC, Jain SK, Monika S. Herbal treatment for urinary stones. IJPS 2010;1(2): 1412-1420.
5. Borisov VV, Dzeranov NK. Urolithiasis: Therapy of patients with kidney and ureter stones. Moscow: Publishing House of the Russian Society of Urologists 2011; 88.
6. Atodariya U, Barad R, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. Anti-urolithiatic activity of Dolichos biflorus seeds. J Pharm Phytochem 2013; 2(2): 209-213.
7. Noshad H, Ahmadpour F, Soltanpour B, Ghojazadeh M. Study of renal stones complications in 200 patients in Tabriz, Iran. J Anal Res Clin Med 2014; 2(4): 187-92.
8. El-Zoghby ZM, Lieske JC, Foley RN, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Melton 3rd LJ, Krambeck AE, Rule AD. Urolithiasis and the risk of ESRD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7(9):1409-15.
9. Mikawlrawng K, Kumar S, Raunak V. Current scenario of urolithiasis and the use of medicinal plants as antiurolithiatic agents in Manipur (North East India): A Review: IJHM 2014; 2(1): 1-12.
10. Rule AD, Bergstralh EJ, Melton LJ, Li X, Weaver AL, Lieske JC. Kidney stones and the risk of chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4(4):804-811.
11. Rule AD, Roger VL, Melton 3rd LJ, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Peyser PA, Krambeck AE, Lieske JC. Kidney stones associate with increased risk for myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21(10):1641-4.
12. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA 2005; 293(4):455-462.
13. Uyeturk U, Dag?stan E, Aktas G, Ozyalvacli ME, Tekce H, Yilmaz B. Association between urinary stone disease and perirenal tissue thickness. NJ Med Res, 2014;4(3):193-196.
14. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Chi-yuan Hsu C.-Y. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1296-1305.
15. Murugan VM, Satishkumar AS. Effect of Aerva lanata leaf extract and Vediuppu chunnam on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate urolithiasis during experimental hyperoxaluria. Pharmacol Res 2001;43: 89-93.
16. Baheti DG, Kadam SS. Antiurolithiatic activity of some traditional medicinal plants against calcium oxalate induced urolithiasis in rats. IJPCBS 2013; 3(4): 1276-1285.
17. Moe OW. Kidney stones: Pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet 2006; 367: 333-44.
18. Alaya A, Belgith A, Hammadi S, Nouri A, Najjar MF. Kidney Stones in Children and Teenagers in the Central Coast Region of Tunisia. Iran J Pedia 2012; 22(3): 290-296.
19. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts. Adv Urol 2018; Volume 2018, Article ID 3068365, 12 pages.
20. Agarwal K, Varma R. Evaluation of the in-vitro anti-urolithiasis activity of Portulaca oleracea L. Pharmanest. An Int J Adv Pharm Sci 2013; 4 (6):1284-1293.
21. Finlayson B. Symposium on renal lithiasis. Renal lithiasis in review. Urol Clin North Am 1974;1:181-212.
22. Barbasa C, Garciaa A, Saavedraa L, Muros M. Urinary analysis of nephrolithiasis markers. J Chromatogr B 2002; 781:433-455.
23. Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E. Kidney stone disease. J Clin Invest 2005; 115(10): 2598- 2608.
24. Trinchieri A, Ostini F, Nespoli R, Rovera F, Montanarl E, Zanetti G. A prospective study of recurrence rate and the risk factor for recurrence after a first renal stone. J Urol 1999; 162:27-30.
25. Ljunghall S, Danielson BG. A prospective study of renal stone recurrences. Br J Urol 1984;56:122-4.
26. Indridason OS, Birgisson S, Edvardsson VO, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N, Palsson R.Epidemiology of kidney stones in Iceland: A population-based study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2006; 40:215-20.
27. Buchholz NP, Abbas F, Afzal M, Khan R, Rizvi I, Talati J. The prevalence of silent kidney stones: An ultrasonographic screening study. J Pak Med Assoc 2003;53: 24-25.
28. Al-Eisa AA, Al-Hunayyan A, Gupta R. Pediatric urolithisis in Kuwait. Int Urol Nephrol 2002;33(1):3-6.
29. Scales JCD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS. Prevalence of Kidney Stones in the United States. Eur Urol 2012;62(1): 160–165.
30.Penniston KL, Jones AN, Nakada SY, Hansen KE. Vitamin D repletion does not alter urinary clacium excretion in healthy postmenopausal women. BJU Int 2009;104:1512-1516.
31. Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium interactions: functional outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(suppl):541-4.
32. Ahuja A, Al-Risi AOZ, Ali NM. Study on Prevalence and Management of Renal Stones among Omani in Patients at Sohar Hospital. Sch J App Med Sci 2014; 2(1):22-33.
33. Qadami E, Ampoon A, Manansala NH. The prevalence and clinical profile of patients diagnosed with renal calculi at the American Mission Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Bahrain Med Soc 2013;24 (2): 62-65.
34. Channa NA, Ghangro AB, Soomro AM, Noorani L. Analysis of kidney stones by FTIR spectroscopy. JLUMHS 2007a; 66 -73.
35. Hounnasso PP, Avakoudjo JDG, Paré AK, Brahima K, Ouattara A, Agounkpé MM, Natchagandé G., Toré SR, Mustapha AB, Vodounou A. Symptomatic Urinary Lithiasis:Epidemiologyand Management at Urology Department of University Hospital of Cotonou. J Urol 2015;5: 7-12.
36. Alatab S, Pourmand G, Howairis MFEL, Buchholz N, Najafi I, Pourmand MR Mashhadi R, Pourmand N. National Profiles of Urinary Calculi. A Comparison Between Developing and Developed Worlds. Iran J Kidney Dis 2016; 10 (2): 51-61.
37. Raheem OA, Khandwala YS, Sur RL, Ghani KR, Denstedt JD. Burden of Urolithiasis: Trends in Prevalence, Treatments, and Costs. Eur Urol 2017; 3:18-26.
38. Yoshida O, Okada Y. Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Japan: A chronological and geographical study. Urol Int 1990; 45:104-11.
39. Dursun I, Poyrazoglu HM, Dusunsel R, Gunduz Z, Gurgoze MK, Demirci D,Kucukayd?n M. Pediatric urolithiasis: An 8-year experience of a single center. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:3-9.
40. Alaya A, Nouri A, Najjar MF. Urolithiasis in Tunisian Children: A Study of 100 Cases. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20(6):1096-1100.
41.Ahmad F, Nada MO, Farid AB, Haleem MA, Razack SMA. Epidemiology of Urolithiasis with Emphasis on Ultrasound Detection: A Retrospective Analysis of 5371 Cases in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2015; 26(2):386-391.
42. Masterson JH, Phillips CJ, Crum-Cianflone NF, Krause RJ, Sur RL, L'Esperance JO. A 10-Year Retrospective Review of Nephrolithiasis in the Navy and Navy Pilots. J Urol 2017; 02.074.
43.Safarinejad MR. Adult urolithiasis in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Urol Res 2007;35:73-82.
44. Iguchi M, Takamura C, Umekawa T, Kurita T, Kohri K. Inhibitory effects of female sex hormones on urinary stone formation in rats. kidney Int 1999; 56:479-485.
45. Lee YH, Huang WC, Huang JK, Chang LS. Testosterone enhances whereas estrogen inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in ethylene glycol treated rats. J Urol 1996; 156:502–505.
46. Travison TG, Araujo AB, Hall SA, McKinlay JB. Temporal trends in testosterone levels and treatment in older men. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:211–217.
47. Naghii MR, Babaei M, Hedayati M. Androgens Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Renal Stones Formation. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9(4): e93790.
48. Pak CY. Kidney stones. Lancet 1998; 351:1797-1801.
49. Lieske JC, Peña de la Vega LS, Slezak JM, Bergstralh EJ, Leibson CL, Ho KL, Gettman MT. Renal stone epidemiology in Rochester, Minnesota: An update. Kidney Int 2006; 69:760-764.
50. Tasian GE, Ross ME, Song L, Sas DJ, Keren R, Denburg MR, Chu DI, Copelovitch L, Saigal CS, Furth SL. Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 488–496.
51. Hussain SM. A retrospective study to determine the type and fate of urinary calculi incidence among urinary patients. America J Res Commun 2013; 1(2): 56-65.
52. Schaeffer AJ, Feng Z, Trock BJ, Mathews RI, Neu AM, Gearhart JP, Matlaga BR.Medical Comorbidities Associated With Pediatric Kidney Stone Disease. Urol 2011; 77(1): 195-199.
53. Curhan GC. Epidemiology of stone disease. Urol Clin North Am 2007; 34:287–293.
How to Cite
Alelign, T., Debella, D. A., & Petros, P. B. . (2020). Trends in the Magnitude of Urolithiasis Surgery in Ethiopia: A 13-years Retrospective Data from St. Paulos Referral Hospital . Ethiopian Medical Journal, 58(03). Retrieved from https://www.emjema.org/index.php/EMJ/article/view/1476
