Dr. The pattern and outcome of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at St. Paul's Millenium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At present, there is limited epidemiological data on UGIB and associated mortality in Ethiopia.

Aim: to assess the pattern, management and outcome of GIB patients admitted to St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College

Methods and materials: A cross-sectional retrospective study was done. out of 208 patients who presented to Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College with gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) in one-year period, 128 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria. using a structured questionnaire demographic data, endoscopic diagnosis and outcome of GI bleeding patients was assessed. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and Statistical analysis was performed by using chi-square test and P-value < 5% is considered as significant.

Result: The mean age of patients was 35 ± 14.37. Majority were males (83.6%) with a male to female ratio of 5:1. Varices is the most common cause of UGIB seen in 46.1% (59), followed by peptic ulcer disease 24.2%(31), esophagitis 3.9%(5), gastritis 6.3%(8), Duodenitis 3.1%(4) and malignancy 4.7%(6). Ten patients (7.8%) had both varices and ulcer.  The mortality rate in this study was 17.2%. variceal cause of bleeding, malignancy, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy and transfusion requirement are predictors of mortality.

Conclusions: In the present study, variceal bleed was the most common cause of UGIB, followed by peptic ulcer bleed. Overall mortality was 17.2% of cases; there was significant association between cause of bleeding and mortality.