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DISTAL OESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND ITS HISTOLOGICAL PATTERN: A FIVE YEARS RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW AT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL, DAR ES SALAAM: esophageal adenocarcinoma prevalence

esophageal adenocarcinoma prevalence

Larry Akoko
Muhimbili University of Health
Sudai
Department of surgery, Kigoma regional referal Hospital
Nashivai
Department of surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Ethelgiver Ngai Makota
Department of surgery, Muhimbili National Hospital
Mwanga
Department of surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Ramadhan
Department of surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Nyongole
Mbembati
Deoartment of surgery, Huhrbert Kairuki Memorial University
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  • Submited: February 24, 2021
  • Published: March 29, 2022

Abstract

Background: Esophageal carcinoma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients in Tanzania. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most predominant subtype encountered.  Risk factors and treatment of these two histological subtypes vary significantly. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of Distal oesophageal cancer and of adenocarcinoma.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review for patients treated with oesophageal cancer from April 2013 to April 2017 at Muhimbili National hospital. Patients with Distal oesophageal cancer were identified and their socio-demography, Takita’s dysphagia grade, tumor length from the upper incisor teeth, endoscopic tumor morphology, histology and stage of the disease was abstracted. Data was analyzed using SPSS where descriptive statistics were computed. Associations were determined using chi-square test with significance set at <5%. Ethical approval was obtained from Muhimbili University Institutional Review Board.

Results: Distal oesophageal cancer made 34.1% of all esophageal cancers, with no variations over the five-year review. The mean age of patients with Distal oesophageal cancer was 59.7 years with female predominance at 2:1 for men. Adenocarcinoma was the most predominant histological subtype at 3:1 for squamous cell carcinoma. Low socio-economic status, alcohol drinking, smoking cigarettes and positive history suggestive of Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disease were common among these patients. Most of the tumors are fungating with late presentation judged clinically with dysphagia as the most common presentation.

Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers should be aware of the higher incidence of Distal oesophageal cancer presenting with adenocarcinoma. Failure to recognize this unique entity in a region where squamous cell carcinoma is the most predominant type might result in misinterpretation of data and misallocation during treatment and prognostication.

 

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How to Cite
Akoko, L., Sudai, F. ., Elias Kivuyo, N. ., Ngai Makota, E., Hamisi Mwanga, A. ., H Hamisi, R. ., V Nyongole, O., & A Mbembati, N. (2022). DISTAL OESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND ITS HISTOLOGICAL PATTERN: A FIVE YEARS RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW AT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL, DAR ES SALAAM: esophageal adenocarcinoma prevalence. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 60(2). Retrieved from https://www.emjema.org/index.php/EMJ/article/view/1872

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